Dog Concussion: Signs, Symptoms & What To Do | [Guide]

Can our canine companions suffer from concussions? The answer is a resounding yes, and understanding the nuances of this condition is crucial for any dog owner.

While the veterinary field has advanced significantly, the complexities of dog concussions are often underestimated. These injuries, though less frequent than in humans, pose a serious threat to our beloved pets. Diagnosing a concussion in a dog presents its unique challenges, primarily because our four-legged friends cannot articulate their symptoms. They cant tell us, "My head hurts," or, "I feel dizzy." This lack of direct communication necessitates a keen understanding of canine behavior and the potential signs of a concussion.

For further information, refer to: AVMA - Concussions in Dogs

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The mechanics behind a canine concussion are, at their core, similar to those in humans. A traumatic brain injury occurs when the brain sustains a forceful impact, causing it to collide with the interior of the skull. This impact disrupts normal brain function, leading to the cascade of symptoms we associate with concussions. Whether its the sudden jolt of a car accident, the unfortunate tumble from a high place, or the rough and tumble of play, the potential for a concussion is real.

The causes of concussions in dogs are varied, yet often share a common thread of blunt force trauma. Car accidents, unfortunately, top the list, followed closely by falls, especially from significant heights. The rough and tumble world of dog play also presents a risk. A spirited game of fetch, or a particularly enthusiastic bout of wrestling with another canine, can sometimes result in head injuries. Other potential causes include being hit with a blunt object such as a baseball bat or a swing. Even seemingly innocuous events, like running into a hard object, or receiving a forceful head butt or kick during play, can contribute to the onset of a concussion.

The signs of a concussion, too, mirror those seen in humans, but can sometimes be subtler, requiring close observation. A loss of consciousness is perhaps the most dramatic indicator, signaling the need for immediate veterinary intervention. However, not all concussions involve a loss of consciousness. Other symptoms can include disorientation, where the dog may appear confused or disoriented, bumping into objects or exhibiting unusual behavior. Lethargy, or a marked decrease in activity level, is another common sign, as is a loss of appetite. Vomiting, too, can be a symptom of a concussion, and owners should always monitor their dog for any sign of illness.

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The eyes can also provide clues. Watch for abnormally dilated or constricted pupils, or for unequal pupil sizes, a condition that might not be symmetrical when looking at both eyes. Rapid, unusual eye movements, known as nystagmus, can also be indicative of a head injury. Along the lines of rapid eye movement, a head injury may cause your dog to lose control of their body and trigger a seizure. In some instances, signs of a concussion may not appear immediately after an accident. A dog might seem fine for hours or even days before symptoms begin to manifest. This delayed onset underscores the importance of diligent observation.

Given the thickness of a dogs skull and the protective layer of muscle that covers it, head trauma is somewhat less common in dogs than in humans. However, it's important to reiterate that head injuries can be life-threatening for dogs and should be addressed immediately by a professional. Even a seemingly minor bump on the head can result in significant injury. It's essential to seek veterinary attention immediately if your dog loses consciousness, even for a brief period.

If you suspect your dog may have sustained a concussion, the first step is always to seek veterinary care promptly. Transporting a dog with a suspected concussion requires careful handling. Keep the dog as still and calm as possible, minimizing any unnecessary movement. If possible, support the dog's head and neck to prevent further injury. Your veterinarian will conduct a thorough examination, including a neurological assessment, and may recommend diagnostic tests such as X-rays, CT scans, or MRI to assess the extent of the injury and rule out any other potential issues. The veterinarian may prescribe medication to reduce inflammation, control seizures, or manage any other specific symptoms. Rest is a critical component of recovery. Avoid strenuous exercise, rough play, and any activities that could put the dog at risk of further injury. Keep the dog in a quiet, calm environment, monitoring for any changes in behavior or worsening of symptoms.

After a concussion, it's important your dog takes things easy for a while. Vigorous games of ball or fetch are off the menu for the next few weeks. In this case, medication will be prescribed by your vet that's safe with a brain injury. For example, aspirin is best avoided as it can promote bleeding. A dog with a concussion may appear to be fine immediately following an injury, but symptoms may arise hours or days later. As most dog injuries, like human concussions, must recover on their own.

One of the most pressing concerns, of course, is the possibility of internal bleeding. While the relatively thick skull of a dog offers some protection, a significant head injury can still lead to bleeding within the brain or surrounding tissues. Therefore, knowing how to identify the signs of internal bleeding is crucial. Look for signs of neurological distress, such as seizures, weakness, or difficulty walking. Changes in breathing, such as rapid or shallow breaths, can also be indicative of internal injuries. If you suspect internal bleeding, immediate veterinary attention is absolutely critical.

Attacks from dogs or other animals is another common way that they can get concussions or other injuries. Use extreme care when introducing your dog to other dogs, and dont leave your dog unattended with a dog you (and they) dont know. Its essential to seek veterinary attention immediately if your dog loses consciousness. Transporting a dog with a concussion requires careful handling. If your dog got hit on the head pretty hard, you should check for symptoms we mentioned earlier.

Are certain dog breeds more prone to concussions? While research is ongoing, it's generally believed that dogs of any size can receive a concussion due to a blunt force, a fall, rough play, etc. Puppies and small breeds with an open fontanel, a soft spot on the top of the skull, could also suffer a concussion related to this trait. The breed itself may not be a direct risk factor, the circumstances and potential hazards to which a dog is exposed are what pose the greatest risks.

Preventing concussions is, of course, the best course of action. Secure your dog during car rides, using either a crate or a properly fitted seatbelt harness. Supervise interactions with other dogs, especially during play, to prevent roughhousing that could lead to injury. Eliminate potential hazards in the home and yard, such as unstable furniture or areas where a dog could fall from a height. In most cases, taking these simple, preventative measures can significantly reduce the risk of a concussion. It's worth reiterating that any dog that experiences a severe trauma should be examined by a veterinarian right away.

The diagnosis process is similar to that in humans, but adapted to a canine context. Veterinarians will look for physical signs, assess neurological function, and may use imaging techniques such as X-rays, CT scans, or MRIs to assess the extent of the injury. While canine concussions are similar to human concussions, it can be much harder to determine whether your dog has one. Concussions are harder to diagnose in dogs than they are in humans because dogs cant tell us what happened or how theyre feeling.

If you suspect your dog has a concussion, seek veterinary care promptly. Your dog might need special care in the future, and you can hope the trauma wasnt so bad their brain will swell. Severe concussions can be deadly, so make sure you go to the vet as soon as possible. Its essential to seek veterinary attention immediately if your dog loses consciousness. Rapid or unusual eye movements, known as nystagmus, can be indicative of a head injury or concussion. If your dog has potentially had head trauma or had any evidence of a concussion, you must have them evaluated by a veterinarian. You should take them in for an evaluation even if theyre unresponsive briefly. If your dog loses consciousness, take them to the animal emergency hospital.

The journey to recovery can vary greatly. Some concussions result in obvious symptoms within minutes, while others take much longer. Generally, dogs experience lethargy when something medical is amiss. Most dog injuries, like human concussions, must recover on their own. By keeping your dog calm and comfortable, monitoring their condition closely, and following your veterinarian's guidance, you can help support your dog's recovery from a concussion. While dogs are indeed susceptible to concussions, they are preventable in most cases. Remember to consult with your veterinarian for personalized advice and treatment options for your furry friend.